The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast #236 AI Has Free Will? (ft. Sabine Hossenfelder)

🔖 Titles

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1. Do AI and Humans Have Free Will? Sabine Hossenfelder on Physics, Consciousness, and Determinism 2. Could AI Ever Feel Happiness? Exploring Free Will, Quantum Computing, and Consciousness 3. Sabine Hossenfelder Explains Why Free Will Might Be an Illusion in Physics and AI 4. The Future of AI Agency: Free Will, Quantum Computers, and Human Uniqueness 5. Brian Keating and Sabine Hossenfelder Debate AI, Determinism, and the Fate of Free Will 6. From Particles to AI: Sabine Hossenfelder on Determinism and the Limits of Agency 7. Will AI Replace Professors? Education, Free Will, and Intelligence in the Age of Machines 8. Quantum Computing, AI, and Free Will: Understanding Consciousness with Sabine Hossenfelder 9. AI Slop and the Future of Science: Sabine Hossenfelder on Technology’s Impact 10. Foundations of Physics, AI, and Humanity: Deep Questions with Sabine Hossenfelder and Brian Keating

💬 Keywords

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free will, determinism, laws of physics, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, consciousness, agency, large language models, quantum mechanics, measurement problem, AI emotions, robot intelligence, education and AI, Quiz With It, future of professors, academic decline, peer review, theories of everything, modified gravity, dark matter, inflation, cosmological constant, dark energy, MOND, quantum gravity, quantum superposition, AI slop, foundation of physics, scientific publishing, academic incentives

💡 Speaker bios

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Sabine Hossenfelder is a theoretical physicist and science communicator known for exploring deep questions about reality, such as free will and determinism. In her storytelling, Sabine shares a personal journey: struggling with the unsettling idea that, since our brains are made of particles governed by the laws of physics, our sense of personal agency seems to vanish. This created a philosophical dilemma for her—how can one find their place in a world where everything is determined, except for some randomness? Through careful thought and explanation, Sabine eventually found peace with this perspective, shifting her understanding of herself and her place in the universe. Her ability to weave personal insights with scientific explanation is a hallmark of her work, making complex topics accessible and relatable to her audience.

ℹ️ Introduction

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Welcome to The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast! In this thought-provoking episode, host Brian Keating sits down with physicist and bestselling author Sabine Hossenfelder for a deep dive into one of humanity's most persistent philosophical puzzles: does free will really exist? Sabine doesn’t shy away from controversial ideas—she argues that, according to our best understanding of physics, free will is an illusion. But if the universe is deterministic, how come we all act as if we have freedom of choice? Together, Brian and Sabine unravel what determinism truly means for our lives, whether artificial intelligence could ever possess agency, and why the coming age of AI forces us to rethink what “will” even is. The discussion goes further, touching on the frontiers of quantum computing, the future of education in the age of AI, and whether emotions—or even “happy thoughts”—could ever be part of machine consciousness. The episode also ventures into lively tangents: from UFOs and alien intelligence, to the reproducibility crisis in academia, and the nuanced debates raging in quantum physics and cosmology. Sabine shares insights from her platform “Quiz With It,” provides honest perspectives on the state of scientific research, and suggests the kinds of experiments she would fund if she were “queen of physics.” With wisdom, humor, and clarity, Brian and Sabine challenge us to confront the hardest questions at the intersection of science, philosophy, and technology. Tune in for a conversation that will shift your understanding of agency, consciousness, and the future of human—and artificial—thinking.

📚 Timestamped overview

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00:00 Free Will and Determinism Debate

09:13 Intelligence: Reality Access Required

14:32 The Future of Education in AI

16:09 AI Quiz App Revolutionizes Learning

24:53 Investment Bias in Technology Advancement

30:40 Evaluating Debate Culture in Science

36:11 Quantum Computers: Unpredicted Behaviors?

41:44 Evaluating Cosmological Theories

43:30 "MOND vs. Dark Matter Debate"

49:49 Data Interpretation Challenges Explained

57:13 Honest Response to Physics Critique

59:57 Uncertainty in Proving Inflation Theory

01:04:20 Personal Credibility vs. Open Access

01:10:11 "View Decline and AI Content"

❇️ Key topics and bullets

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Certainly! Here’s a comprehensive sequence of topics covered in the transcript, with detailed sub-topic bullets under each main section: --- ### 1. The Question of Free Will - Philosophical and scientific debate on the existence of free will - Perspectives from prominent thinkers (Sam Harris, Dan Dennett, Robert Sapolsky) - The paradox: acting as if we have free will despite determinism - Sabine Hossenfelder’s view: free will as a problematic or even "nonsense" term - Determinism and its impact on personal happiness and worldview - The role of understanding oneself as an information-processing system ### 2. Artificial Intelligence and Agency - Connections between human agency and AI agency - Whether AI could have "free will" or a form of agency - Comparing current AI capabilities to human will and internal deliberation - The spectrum from simple machines (phones) to modern AI and humans - The evolution of AI toward more autonomy (AI agents setting and refining their own goals) - Philosophical and ethical considerations as AI becomes more sophisticated ### 3. AI and Consciousness - Can AI have "happy thoughts"? - Whether embodiment (having a physical robot body) is necessary for true intelligence - The idea of simulating AI embodiment in virtual environments - The evolutionary origins and functions of human emotions like happiness - AI reward functions and potential analogs to emotional experience - Speculation about future AI developing novel “emotions” unrecognizable to humans - Comparisons with hypothetical alien emotions ### 4. The UFO and Alien Life Discourse - Personal interest in discovering advanced extraterrestrial life - Skepticism about current UFO/UAP claims and the need for rigorous investigation - Institutional reactions, funding motivations, and the balance between open-mindedness and skepticism ### 5. AI in Education and Job Security - Introduction to the Quiz With It platform and its AI-powered functionalities - The impact of AI on the future of education (professors’ job security, personalized learning) - The changing roles and value of human educators - Discussion about the limits of AI in recreating historical figures as educators - Differences between written academic records and authentic personal presence ### 6. AI Replacing Human Teachers - How current AI tools may already surpass some human teachers in personalization and efficiency - The enduring role of human interaction and mentorship in education - Predicted trajectory: initial job displacement for some, lasting opportunities for genuinely skilled and dedicated educators ### 7. Lock-In and Technological Evolution - “Lock-in” effects: How early technology choices shape the trajectory of future developments - The example of train gauges and their impact on space shuttle design - The potential downsides of relying on current AI architectures (GPUs + LLMs) - Discussion on specialized hardware (NPUs) and new AI paradigms - Economic and institutional inertia resisting technological shifts ### 8. Quantum Computing: Potential and Hype - The real and anticipated applications of quantum computers (simulation, breaking encryption, optimization) - Assessment of industry interest, especially in finance and banking - Debate over whether the quantum computing “hype” is justified given current limitations ### 9. Debate Culture and Theories of Everything in Physics - The rise of public scientific debates and their utility - Critique of the obsession with “theories of everything” versus focusing on other foundational or practical topics - Perspectives on non-mainstream “grand theories” from various physicists ### 10. Experimental Literacy for Theorists - The importance of experimental knowledge for theoretical physicists - Typical training (hands-on experiments, outdated apparatus, mandatory experimental lessons) - Personal anecdotes about handling (and mishandling) experimental equipment ### 11. Prioritizing Fundamental Physics Experiments - If given vast resources, which foundational experiments are most worthwhile? - Emphasis on experiments probing quantum gravity and the quantum measurement problem - Targeting inconsistencies and uninvestigated areas in quantum foundations ### 12. Dark Matter, Axions, and Modifications of Gravity - Spectrum of what “axions” and “axion-like particles” mean in current physics - Technical methods for searching for axions (effects on CMB polarization, parity violation) - The challenges of distinguishing between dark matter, modified gravity, and underdetermined models - Perspectives on the cyclical nature of claims and retractions in cosmological observations (bullet cluster, dark matter-free galaxies, etc.) - Modified gravity (e.g., MOND) versus dark matter: continuing inconclusive debates ### 13. Dark Energy, Lambda-CDM Model, and Cosmological Tensions - Recent findings suggesting time-varying dark energy vs. cosmological constant - Caution regarding the statistical significance (sigma) of new measurements - Challenges in data analysis due to processing, cleaning, instrument bias, and model-dependence - Complicated landscape of tensions and uncertainties in cosmology ### 14. The State of Academia and Scientific Research Culture - Perceptions and critiques of academic decline (publication quality, incentives, peer review inefficiencies) - Global patterns versus differences in the US and Europe - The self-rewarding, closed-loop aspect of academic incentives - Anticipation of a systemic reckoning or overhaul ### 15. Progress in Quantum Foundations - Advances on the experimental and theoretical fronts in quantum physics - The rise of quantum technologies enabling new foundational tests - Need for more speculative models (“physics beyond quantum mechanics”) and experimental tests targeting these frontiers ### 16. Academic Integrity and “Slop” in Research - Real anecdote of a letter from a disillusioned particle physicist highlighting issues in research culture - Structural incentive problems: “refurbished” models and the pressure to publish - Broad applicability of these worries across disciplines - Nuanced stance on pursuit of science for incremental understanding, even in uncertain areas ### 17. AI Slop and the Threat to Scientific Publishing - The impending flood of AI-generated, low-quality (“slop”) scientific publications - Threats to peer review and moderation (e.g., archive moderation queues becoming overwhelmed) - Possibility that scientific publishing becomes a closed club, reducing diversity and innovation - Broader parallels seen in other fields already affected by AI-content generation ### 18. Personal Reflections and Future Work - Discussion of YouTube content creation, audience trends, and metrics - The struggle with shifting viewership patterns and platform algorithms - Prospective projects (future books, unfinished papers on quantum foundations) - The broader mission: improving public understanding and maintaining integrity in science communication --- Let me know if you need even deeper sub-topic breakdowns or want to focus on a specific section!

🎞️ Clipfinder: Quotes, Hooks, & Timestamps

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Sabine Hossenfelder 00:02:49 00:03:05

Viral Topic: Making Peace with Determinism: "I finally eventually managed to shift my point of view on myself basically and make made peace with knowing that everything is determined up to this random element."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:10:32 00:10:43

Robots and Human-Level Intelligence: "Once we have robots walking around, they're going to collect their own data, they're going to create their own models of the world, but much more efficiently than we could have done."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:16:44 00:17:11

AI's Impact on Education: "Now there's this broader question of what's AI going to do to education? And I think that's a really big topic at the moment because that's really a sector where AI can have a huge impact. And it's already having an impact. And the question is, like, where will it go? I mean, at the moment it's very hard to tell. I think in the end it'll come down to how much do we value human interaction?"

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:24:23 00:24:40

Viral Topic: The Economic Lock-In of Technology: "This locked in issue is often a problem if you, if you look at the basis, it's an economic problem like so because you know, if you want to transport this thing, you're not going to rebuild the entire railroad system and all the tunnels like you could do it, but that'd be insane."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:31:02 00:31:16

Viral Topic: The Need for Scientific Debate Culture: "I think this is something that science has been missing for a long time. You know, like this public presence where people actually argue about science, you know, on a level that hopefully to some extent the general person can understand."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:37:26 00:37:28

Viral Topic: The Uncharted Territory of Quantum Computing
Quote: "These are all questions that no one's looking at."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:42:11 00:42:34

Inflation vs. Alternative Theories in Cosmology: "So inflation has exactly the same problem like this. So, so we do have some data that you can explain with inflation, but that doesn't prove that inflation was actually the only way to explain this data. So it's very hard to tell apart inflation from some, some other mechanism that could be the speed of light limit, as I'm sure you're familiar with."

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:43:47 00:44:09

Viral Topic: The Ongoing Debate on Modified Gravity vs. Dark Matter
Quote: "So it undoubtedly in my mind captures some truth, but the question is like, is this indicative of some underlying modified gravity that's different from general relativity, or is it actually any fact that we, we might be able to derive from dark matter if we knew how?"

Sabine Hossenfelder 00:50:40 00:50:50

Viral Topic: The Challenges of Data Interpretation in Science: "if you only have access to like to the final data data, that becomes a mess, like, because you have, you have no idea really what was actually already, what already went in."

Sabine Hossenfelder 01:03:41 01:03:56

Viral Flood of AI-Generated Content in Science: "And what's going to happen is that journals are going to get completely overrun by this. And I think we're already seeing the beginning of it and it's going to be a huge problem because they'll have to figure out a way to filter out all of the AI slop."

👩‍💻 LinkedIn post

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🚀 Just had the chance to dig into the latest episode of The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast with physicist Sabine Hossenfelder and host Brian Keating. The discussion dives deep into the nature of free will, artificial intelligence, and the future of scientific research—highly recommended for anyone interested in where science and philosophy intersect! Here are my top 3 takeaways: - **Free Will Revisited:** Sabine Hossenfelder challenges the very definition of free will, suggesting that, whether in humans or AI, it's more about "agency" than the freedom of choice. She even calls "free will" a "nonsense term" and frames both human and machine behavior through the lens of information processing and determinism. - **AI, Emotion, and Agency:** The episode explores the frontier of artificial intelligence, questioning if and when AI might experience emotions or develop “agency” akin to humans. Sabine suggests that while AI's current level of agency is low, advancements are accelerating—raising real questions for society about the rights and responsibilities of intelligent machines. - **The Future of Science & Academia:** They delve into the challenges academic research faces—from AI-generated "slop" flooding journals to the problems of institutional incentives and peer review. Sabine highlights both the huge potential and the looming risks as AI transforms scientific tools, education, and even foundational research methods. If you're fascinated by the crossroads of AI, quantum physics, and the big philosophical questions, this episode is a must-listen. 🔗 Check out the episode and let’s start a conversation: Do YOU think free will survives in the age of machines? #AI #FreeWill #QuantumPhysics #PodcastInsights #FutureOfScience #SabineHossenfelder #BrianKeating

🧵 Tweet thread

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🧵1/ Does free will REALLY exist, or is it an illusion? Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder (@skdh) and @DrBrianKeating just had a mind-bending conversation that may change how you see agency, AI, and your own mind. Get ready for some spicy takes!👇 2/ Sabine doesn't mince words: "Free will doesn't exist"—at least not how we usually imagine it. She argues that our brains are made of particles, fully bound by the laws of physics. So, where’s the “freedom” in that? 🤔 3/ But here's the paradox: If all our choices are determined, why do we FEEL like we're choosing? Brian Keating calls out leading minds (Sam Harris, Dan Dennett, Robert Sapolsky): None of them have ever met someone who *acts* like they lack free will! 4/ So what IS free will? Sabine says the whole concept is a “nonsense term.” If your will determines your actions, they're not truly “free.” But she doesn’t see this as depressing. In fact, she says it freed her: She made peace with being an “information processor.”🧠 5/ What gets wild is the implication for AI: If our agency is an illusion born from complex processing, could AI have similar “agency”—and should we count its choices? Sabine is skeptical—for now, AI's “will” is even more limited than a human's. 6/ AI already has “reward functions”—literally its own version of dopamine! As AI advances, Sabine predicts they could even develop something akin to emotions, though they'd be as alien to us as (hypothetical) alien feelings. 🤖 7/ Education is about to be revolutionized, too! Sabine’s platform “Quiz With It” uses AI to generate personalized quizzes from any content. She predicts mediocre educators will be replaced by AI—but says the “human touch” in great teaching will always have value.✨ 8/ On “lock-in,” Sabine warns that our obsession with current AI models (LLMs + GPUs) could trap us on a “local maximum” and leave us blind to better approaches. Don’t be surprised if a new AI paradigm overtakes LLMs in the next few years. 9/ People ask about quantum computing: Sabine sees the hype but says banks and hedge funds are racing ahead for real-world uses (like asset management). She’s skeptical about “quantum supremacy” but thinks there’s money to be made! 10/ At the end of the day, Sabine pushes for experiments that challenge the core assumptions—the kind that could actually TEST things like quantum gravity, the measurability of “free will,” or the limits of AI consciousness. 11/ TL;DR—Your choices may be determined, but understanding that liberates rather than limits you. AI is not “alive” yet, but the lines between information processors—organic or artificial—are getting blurrier by the day. 12/ Want a reality check on free will, AI agency, or why the future of education might be AI-powered? Dive into the full conversation with @DrBrianKeating & @skdh. You may never see your “choices” the same way again! 🔗 [Add your podcast/video link here] #AI #FreeWill #Philosophy #TechEthics #QuantumComputing #Education #Agency End🧵

🗞️ Newsletter

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**Subject:** Do We Really Have Free Will? Sabine Hossenfelder on The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast --- Hello INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE community! This week’s episode is all about a question that’s puzzled philosophers, physicists, and everyday thinkers for centuries: **Does free will actually exist? Or are we, as physicist Sabine Hossenfelder provocatively puts it, just very sophisticated information-processing machines running the universe’s program?** ### Here’s a taste of what you’ll hear: **Sabine Hossenfelder** (author, physicist, YouTuber) joins Brian Keating for a vibrant, mind-bending discussion that goes far beyond academic philosophy. Sabine lays out why, from a physics perspective, free will—as we commonly imagine it—just doesn’t make sense. But don’t despair! As she describes her personal journey from feeling depressed about this idea to actually feeling liberated by it, you might find yourself looking at your own daily “choices” in a new light. **Highlights from the conversation include:** - Why the phrase “free will” might be a nonsense term—according to Sabine, we should really be talking about **determinism** and agency. - How questions about free will are becoming *urgently relevant* with the rise of artificial intelligence. If we don’t have free will, could AI ever have it? And does it matter? - Can an AI or a robot ever have an authentic “happy thought,” like Einstein’s famous moment of realization in the elevator thought experiment? What would “happiness” even mean for a machine? - The future of education: Will AI put professors out of work—or make personalized, high-quality learning accessible to all? - A candid look at “AI slop”: Why the flood of machine-generated content might become science’s next great challenge. - The ongoing mysteries and debates in cosmology, quantum mechanics, and the possibility of intelligent life out there (aliens, anyone?). **Notable Quotes from Sabine:** > “I began to think of myself as an information-processing thing that goes through the world... It’s made me more aware of the information I consume and how much it affects me.” > “I say AI doesn’t have free will exactly the same way we don’t have free will—because in both cases, it’s determined.” > “Will AI ever become truly intelligent without a body? You can simulate a body in virtual reality, but I think access to the real world is going to be a game changer.” --- **Don’t miss out on:** - Sabine’s thoughts on quantum computing hype, MOND and dark matter, and the infamous “academic slop” threatening genuine scientific discovery. - A sneak peek at Sabine’s “Quiz With It” platform that’s changing how we learn (and letting us challenge ourselves with custom quizzes drawn from any text or YouTube video!). - Behind-the-scenes reflections on science communication, from YouTube channel struggles to the importance of in-person debates. **Listen to the full episode for a whirlwind tour of physics, philosophy, AI, and the future of learning—served with Sabine’s trademark clarity and wit.** **🎧 [Listen Now]** Let us know what *you* think: Is free will just an illusion? Can AI ever have agency? Hit reply—we’re eager to hear your thoughts! All the best from “INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE,” Brian & The Podcast Team --- P.S. Thanks for being part of our community! Please like, rate, and review the show on your favorite app—it helps others find us and join the big conversations. --- **Transcript attached for anyone hungry for all the details and nuance!** --- **Stay curious, Stay Impossible.**

❓ Questions

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Absolutely! Here are 10 discussion questions inspired directly by the episode of The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast featuring Sabine Hossenfelder and Brian Keating: 1. **How does Sabine Hossenfelder define determinism, and in what ways does she argue that the traditional concept of “free will” is a “nonsense term”?** 2. **Brian Keating mentions that although prominent thinkers like Sam Harris and Dan Dennett reject the existence of free will, people still behave as if they have it. Why do you think there is this disconnect between philosophical belief and lived experience?** 3. **Hossenfelder suggests that both humans and AI lack free will in the same fundamental, deterministic way. In what ways does she distinguish between the “agency” of humans, current AI, and devices like smartphones?** 4. **Do you agree with the idea that increasing “agency” in AI (such as setting and revising its own goals) blurs the line between machine behavior and human will? Why or why not?** 5. **When discussing AI emotions, Hossenfelder draws parallels between biological reward functions (like dopamine for happiness) and AI reward structures. Can an artificial system really experience happiness, or is this just an analogy?** 6. **The episode touches on the implications of “lock in” in technological development, using historical anecdotes like the train gauge determined by the width of horses in Rome. How might this kind of technological inertia impact the future of AI and computing?** 7. **Sabine expresses caution about overhyping quantum computing and questions the breadth of its genuine usefulness beyond specialized applications. What do you think are the most realistic—and overblown—predictions for quantum computing?** 8. **In discussing AI’s impact on education, both speakers ponder if professors and traditional teaching roles could be replaced by AI “avatars” or simulated versions of great scientists. What would be lost or gained in such a scenario?** 9. **Hossenfelder raises serious concerns about the influx of “AI slop” (AI-generated low-quality scientific content) in research publication. How might this development threaten the scientific process, and what solutions could help mitigate this problem?** 10. **Throughout the episode, Hossenfelder stresses the importance of focusing scientific resources on foundational experiments, particularly ones that could resolve inconsistencies in physics. If you had the “Hossenfelder machine” budget, what fundamental physics question would you want to answer, and how would you pursue it?** Feel free to use these for classroom or discussion group prompts!

curiosity, value fast, hungry for more

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✅ Can AI ever have free will—or is it all just an illusion? ✅ Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder joins Brian Keating on The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast to tackle this mind-bending question, from the laws of physics to the future of consciousness. ✅ Dive deep as they explore what determinism means for humans and machines, how AI could develop its own version of agency, and why our understanding of reality may never be the same. ✅ Ready to rethink everything you thought you knew about choice, intelligence, and agency? Hit play and unlock a new perspective!

Conversation Starters

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Absolutely! Here are 10 conversation starters based on this episode of The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast with Sabine Hossenfelder and Brian Keating. Each one is designed to spark thoughtful discussion in your Facebook group: 1. **Do you agree with Sabine Hossenfelder that free will is a "nonsense term"?** Why or why not? How do you personally define free will, and does that definition hold up against the laws of physics as we know them? 2. **Can AI ever experience emotions like happiness or curiosity without having a body?** Sabine debated whether robots would need physical form or just a simulation to reach true intelligence. Where do you stand? 3. **Would you ever trust an AI “professor” over a human teacher?** With tools like “Quiz With It” and the rise of AI in education, do you think human interaction is critical for learning, or are AI tutors the future? 4. **Are we ‘locked in’ to current AI technology like LLMs and GPUs the way old technologies locked in civilization?** Brian brought up the idea of technological lock-in. How might this limit (or help) future advances? 5. **Could quantum computers reveal that we fundamentally misunderstand reality?** Sabine discusses the measurement problem and the possibility that quantum computers might behave in ways that defy current quantum mechanics. Do you think we’re missing something big? 6. **Is the search for a “Theory of Everything” good for science, or a distraction?** Sabine expressed skepticism about the focus on this. Should physics chase grand unification, or focus elsewhere? 7. **What experiment would YOU fund if budget was no object?** Sabine fantasized about putting billions into quantum gravity and the measurement problem. Where would you put research money to unlock the next big discovery? 8. **Is academia in decline, and if so, what should be done about it?** Referencing the discussion on declining rigor and publication quality—what’s your experience or observation? 9. **Do you worry about “AI slop” flooding science and academia?** Sabine predicts journals will be overrun with AI-generated junk. How should the scientific community respond? 10. **What do you think about the tension in cosmology around dark energy and the cosmological constant?** Is it a data problem, a theory problem, or a sign we’re missing something deeper? Feel free to personalize these for your group's interests and watch the comments roll in!

🐦 Business Lesson Tweet Thread

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Free will is an illusion? Great—let’s talk about what that means for AI, humans, and how we build the future. 🧵👇 1/ The question isn’t “do we have free will?” It’s: How do deterministic machines (like us, or AI) feel so much like we do? 2/ Sabine Hossenfelder argues both brains and AI are information processors—agency is just complex computation, not magic. If you feel in charge, it’s your wiring. 3/ That’s why AI “agency” isn’t a leap—just a matter of degree. Phones, ChatGPT, humans: all operate via inputs, deliberation, and outputs. We only *feel* special because we mistake complexity for freedom. 4/ What about “happiness” or emotions for AI? Sabine says it’s just reward functions, dopamine for robots. Emotions evolved as tools. AI’s reward systems today are primitive—but the line is blurring. 5/ So, if you’re building tech: Don’t romanticize “will” or “emotion.” Optimize feedback loops and learning. Consciousness isn’t a binary; it’s emergent complexity stacked over time. 6/ The real danger? “Lock-in.” Early choices in tech—GPUs, LLMs—determine our road for decades. Breakthroughs will come from questioning the defaults, not optimizing the status quo. 7/ AI slop—endless generated content—will drown mediocre work. Human creativity won’t vanish, but the bar for novelty is rising fast. Iterate boldly, or risk going obsolete. 8/ Education and science aren’t safe, either. Most lectures? Replaceable. Only the best teachers—those who add real human value—will thrive in the new era. 9/ Embrace uncomfortable truths. Determinism isn’t the enemy of entrepreneurship; it’s a call to maximize your algorithm for growth and meaning, on every level. 10/ Don’t wait for permission. The future is built by those who understand the game—and rewrite the rules anyway. END.

✏️ Custom Newsletter

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Subject: 🎙️ Does AI Have Free Will? Dive Into the Mind-Bending New Podcast Episode! Hey podcast fam, We’re back with another thought-provoking episode of The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast, and trust us—you do not want to miss this one! This week, host Brian Keating sits down with renowned physicist and YouTube star Sabine Hossenfelder to tackle one of the oldest (and juiciest) questions in science and philosophy: Does free will really exist—or is it all just physics? Get comfy, because this conversation will bend your brain in the best way. 🎧 In this episode, you’ll learn: 1. **What determinism really means—and why it might actually bring some people peace** Sabine shares her journey from existential angst to acceptance in a universe ruled by physics. 2. **Whether artificial intelligence could ever truly have “free will”** Forget sci-fi—this is a real scientific question with big implications for our future. 3. **How quantum computing could reveal hidden truths (or hype) about the universe** Is quantum supremacy overblown? Sabine’s insights will surprise you. 4. **Why the foundations of physics—and the way we do science—might be overdue for an overhaul** Get ready for an honest look at what’s not working in academia (and why AI “slop” in research is a growing problem). 5. **How AI is already reshaping education, creativity, and even *emotion*** From “robotamine” (yep!) to the future of learning from Einstein’s avatar, this discussion covers it all. 🚀 Fun Fact from the Episode: Sabine and Brian actually dig into whether an AI could ever have a “happy thought” like Einstein’s famous realization about free fall (in German, no less!). You'll find out why “robotamine” might be more than just a joke about robot emotions—and what it means for the future of artificial intelligence. Thanks for being part of our curious, open-minded community! This episode is packed with ideas that connect science, technology, philosophy, and *real life.* Whether you’re a believer in free will, a determinist, or just love a good debate, you’ll come away with new ways to think about your own choices… (or lack thereof 😉). 🎬 Ready to go INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE? **Listen to the latest episode now and let us know what you think:** 👉 [Listen Here & Subscribe!](#) Hit reply with your thoughts, or share the episode and tag us on social—let’s get this conversation started! See you in the unexplored, The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Team P.S. Don’t forget to check out Sabine’s platform “Quiz With It” and subscribe to both her and our YouTube channels for more science without the gobbledygook!

🎓 Lessons Learned

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Sure! Here are 10 lessons covered in the episode, each with a concise title and short description: 1. Free Will Is Illusory Humans feel agency, but physics and neuroscience suggest our choices are fully determined, creating a persistent paradox. 2. Defining Free Will Matters The debate hinges on definitions—philosophers and scientists often talk past each other due to ambiguity around “free will.” 3. Determinism and Human Behavior While we act as if we choose freely, our brains and actions are determined by particle physics and external inputs. 4. AI’s Agency Questioned As AI grows more sophisticated, determining its “agency” and whether it can possess free will becomes increasingly relevant. 5. Emotions and AI Current AI lacks true emotions like happiness, but future AI may develop analogs through reward functions and virtual experiences. 6. AI’s Impact on Education AI will radically transform education, offering personalized learning but also threatening to replace less passionate educators. 7. Technology Lock-In Risks Past choices in technology shape present limitations—AI and computing may be constrained by foundational decisions, slowing innovation. 8. Quantum Computing’s Real Use Quantum computing is promising for optimization and encryption, but its practical, world-changing applications remain uncertain. 9. Cosmology’s Unsolved Mysteries The fields of dark matter, modified gravity, and cosmic inflation remain unresolved, with experiments yet to provide definitive answers. 10. Science at a Crossroads Academic incentives, AI-generated research, and data overload threaten scientific rigor, calling for reforms to preserve research quality.

10 Surprising and Useful Frameworks and Takeaways

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Absolutely, here are the ten most surprising and useful frameworks and takeaways from this episode of "The INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast: AI Has Free Will? (ft. Sabine Hossenfelder)" with Brian Keating and Sabine Hossenfelder: --- **1. Free Will as a Nonsense Term** Sabine Hossenfelder provocatively argues that the combination of "free" and "will" doesn’t really make sense from a physics perspective. Instead of debating endlessly what free will *means,* she suggests it’s more productive to look at what our current laws of physics actually tell us about agency and determinism. **2. Thinking of Ourselves as Information Processors** Sabine reframes our sense of self, seeing humans as "information processing things" navigating the world. By accepting that everything about us is determined (aside from random quantum elements), we can become more mindful about the information we "consume" and how it shapes us. **3. Agency, Not Absolute Freedom** The most practical definition of “free will” aligns with the idea of “agency” — the degree to which a system’s behavior is driven by internal deliberation versus external inputs. Humans currently have more agency than AIs, but it's a gradient rather than a binary. **4. AI Free Will Is Analogous to Human Free Will** Sabine claims AI does not have free will — but neither do we, in the strict sense. Both humans and AIs are determined by their underlying components. The difference is a matter of degree, not kind, with AI at a much "lower level" of agency right now. **5. True Intelligence Might Require Bodily Experience** Sabine suggests genuine, Einstein-like insight in AI may require sensors and physical interaction with the world, not just pure software or virtual existence. It’s possible to "fake" some learning in simulations, but physical experience accelerates development of real-world intelligence. **6. The Evolution of Emotions in AI** Just as human emotions emerged as reward functions to guide survival, AIs are currently being programmed with reward functions to facilitate learning. The future may bring entirely new "AI emotions" beyond human comprehension, hinting at a potential divergence of machine and human experience. **7. Lock-In and Why It Matters for AI Progress** The conversation highlights technology “lock-in” — how the early choices (like using GPUs, designed for games, for AI) can funnel progress down narrow paths, making radical breakthroughs riskier and less likely within established institutions but possible for newcomers. **8. AI’s Transformational Role in Education** Sabine believes AI will massively disrupt education, automating many teaching functions and outperforming mediocre professors. This could free up passionate educators but also necessitate re-valuing the unique human element in mentorship and inspiration. **9. The Coming Tidal Wave of AI Slop** A critical warning: as AI-generated content becomes nearly indistinguishable from human work, scientific journals and platforms like arXiv risk being flooded with "AI slop" — junk science and plausible-sounding nonsense. This could accelerate clubbiness and gatekeeping in academia, stifling newcomers and genuine innovation. **10. Testing Quantum Gravity and the Measurement Problem** If she had billions in funding, Sabine would focus on "decisive experiments" in quantum foundations, especially testing quantum gravity and the quantum measurement problem. She argues the frontier isn’t always bigger colliders, but rather, smaller, cleverer experiments probing fundamental inconsistencies in our models. --- **Bonus: Perspective Shifts** Throughout, Sabine demonstrates that scientific progress often comes from *changing perspectives*—on the meaning of consciousness, the place of quantum computers, or how we define progress in physics. Her content encourages listeners to challenge assumptions and embrace ambiguity where necessary. --- These frameworks and takeaways aren’t just intellectually stimulating—they offer practical ways to rethink AI, science, and our own sense of agency in a changing world!

Clip Able

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Absolutely! Here are 5 strong social media video clip ideas from the transcript, each at least three minutes long, with snappy titles and suggested captions. These clips dive deep into some of the most thought-provoking parts of the conversation between Brian Keating and Sabine Hossenfelder. --- ### 1. **"Do We Really Have Free Will? Or Is It an Illusion?"** **Timestamps:** 00:00:00 – 00:07:07 **Caption:** Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder unpacks the age-old question of free will, determinism, and what the laws of physics really mean for our everyday choices. Does agency even make sense for humans… or for artificial intelligence? Dive into the debate! --- ### 2. **"Can AI Experience Happiness & Emotion?"** **Timestamps:** 00:07:20 – 00:12:10 **Caption:** Could artificial intelligence ever have a “happy thought” like Einstein? Sabine explains how embodiment, reward functions, and possible robot-emotions challenge what we think we know about consciousness—even raising the prospect of emotions that aren’t human at all. --- ### 3. **"Will AI Replace Professors? The Future of Education"** **Timestamps:** 00:14:32 – 00:20:50 **Caption:** As AI transforms learning, what happens to teachers, professors, and the core human element of education? Sabine and Brian discuss AI-powered platforms, the irreplaceable parts of human teaching, and whether students in 20 years might learn physics from Einstein’s avatar—or from AI alone. --- ### 4. **"Are We Limiting Ourselves with Tech? The Danger of ‘Lock-In’"** **Timestamps:** 00:21:14 – 00:27:14 **Caption:** Are we stuck on a technology path just because it worked first? Sabine explains “lock-in,” using stories from Roman chariots to GPUs and LLMs, and warns how economic inertia can shape the very tools we use to pursue the future—even in AI and physics research. --- ### 5. **"Foundations of Physics in Crisis: What Should We Really Be Funding?"** **Timestamps:** 00:33:43 – 00:37:45 **Caption:** If Sabine Hossenfelder controlled the world’s physics budget, which experiment would she greenlight? Hear her bold take on what’s lost in foundational research, why quantum gravity and the measurement problem matter, and how a new focus could transform physics. --- If you’d like, I can add more detail or cut shorter highlight reels for Instagram or TikTok. Just let me know what tone or style you want for the edits!

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